Summary

High level calculation network for requirement

Bandwidth

• Amount of data that can be transmitted over the network in a given period of time, usually measured in bits per second (bps).
• To estimate the required bandwidth, you can use the formula: Required Bandwidth = (Number of Users Average Data per User Number of Transactions per Second) / 8
• Understand the data transfer requirements of your application: This includes the amount of data that needs to be transferred, the frequency of transfer, and the type of data (e.g. video, audio, text).

Optimization Tips

• Plan for peak usage
  • Make sure to plan for the maximum amount of bandwidth that will be required during peak usage times, as this will ensure that your application can handle the increased traffic.
• Use multiple paths for data transfer
  • To ensure high availability and reduce the risk of a single point of failure, consider using multiple paths for data transfer, such as multiple internet service providers (ISPs) or a combination of public and private networks.
• Optimize data transfer
  • There are several techniques that can be used to optimize data transfer, such a data compression, data deduplication, and caching.
• Monitor and measure bandwidth usage
  • It is important to monitor and measure bandwidth usage in order to identify and troubleshoot any performance issues and make adjustments as needed.
• Scale as needed
  • As traffic increases, it may be necessary to scale up your network infrastructure in order to meet the growing demand for bandwidth.
• Use Content Delivery Network (CDN)
  • a network of servers distributed globally that delivers web content to a user based on the geographic locations of the user, the origin of the webpage and a content delivery server.
• Consider using AWS Direct Connect or Azure ExpressRoute
  • ExpressRoute is a service that provides a dedicated and private connection to Azure, which can help to improve the performance and reliability of your application.
• Consider using AWS Cloudfront or Azure Front Door
  • these provide a global, scalable, and highly available entry point for web applications and APIs.

In-depth on network projections

Bandwidth (in Mbps) = Number of Users per Hour / 50 (20kbps web browsing)

20Kbps per user, web browsing a blog

Users per Hour	Bandwidth Requirements
1,000	20 Mbps
5,000	100 Mbps
10,000	200 Mbps
30,000	600 Mbps
50,000	1 Gbps

Latency

• Time it takes for a packet of data to travel from one point to another on the network, usually measured in milliseconds (ms).
• To estimate the required latency, you can use the formula: Required Latency = (Number of Network Hops * Average Latency per Hop) + (Average Processing Time)
• Optimization Tips:
  • Understand the latency requirements of your application
    • Identify the critical components of your application that are latency-sensitive, such as user interactions, database queries, and data processing.
  • Use a Content Delivery Network (CDN)
    • A CDN can help to reduce latency by caching and delivering content from servers that are closer to the user.
  • Edge computing
    • Edge computing is the practice of processing data closer to the source of the data, rather than in a centralized data center. This can help to reduce latency and improve performance.
  • Availability zones and regions
    • Cloud providers like AWS, Azure and GCP offer availability zones and regions that allow you to deploy your application in multiple locations. This can help to reduce latency by placing resources closer to the users.
  • Use direct connections
    • Direct connections, such as AWS Direct Connect, Azure ExpressRoute, and GCP Dedicated Interconnect, can help to reduce latency by providing a dedicated and private connection to the cloud provider's network.
  • Use load balancing
    • Load balancing can help to distribute traffic across multiple servers and locations, which can help to reduce latency and improve performance.
  • Use auto-scaling
    • Auto-scaling can help to automatically adjust the number of resources based on traffic patterns, which can help to reduce latency by ensuring that there are always enough resources to handle the traffic.
  • Monitor and measure latency:
    • Regularly monitor and measure latency to identify and troubleshoot any performance issues and make adjustments as needed.
  • Consider using Cloud-based Global Load Balancer
    • Azure Global Load Balancer, AWS Global Accelerator, and GCP Global Load Balancer help with routing traffic globally to the closest available region.
  • Consider using multi-cloud strategy
    • A multi-cloud strategy allows for utilizing multiple cloud providers, this can help in ensuring that your application is running in the location that offers the lowest latency.

Throughput

• Amount of data that can be transmitted over the network in a given period of time, usually measured in bytes per second.
• To estimate the required throughput, you can use the formula: Required Throughput = (Number of Users Average Data per User Number of Transactions per Second)

Packet loss

• Percentage of packets that are lost during transmission.
• To estimate the required packet loss, you can use the formula: Required Packet Loss = (Number of Packets * Percentage of Loss)

Error rate

• Number of errors that occur during the transmission of data, usually measured in errors per second.
• To estimate the required error rate, you can use the formula: Required Error Rate = (Number of Packets * Percentage of Errors)

Additional Calculations

• Network Speed:

  • Network speed is the measure of how quickly information can be transferred from one point to another. It is usually measured in bits per second (bps). The formula to calculate network speed is: Network Speed = (Size of File/Time Taken to Transfer) x 8 bits

• Latency:

  • Latency is the time it takes for a packet of data to travel from one point to another. The formula to calculate latency is: Latency = (Distance Between Two Points/Speed of Light) x 2

• Bandwidth:

  • Bandwidth is the maximum rate at which data can be transferred from one point to another. The formula to calculate bandwidth is: Bandwidth = (Network Speed x Data Packet Size) / (Latency x 1000)

• Throughput:

  • Throughput is the measure of how much data can be transferred within a given time period. The formula to calculate throughput is: Throughput = (Data Transmitted/Time Taken) x 8 bits

• Packet Loss:

  • Packet loss is the measure of how many data packets are lost during transmission over a network. The formula to calculate packet loss is: Packet Loss = (Total Data Packets Sent - Total Data Packets Received) / Total Data Packets Sent

• Jitter:

  • Jitter is the measure of variability in the delivery time of data packets over a network. The formula to calculate jitter is: Jitter = (Maximum Delay between Packets - Minimum Delay between Packets) / 2

• Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI):

  • RSSI is the measure of signal strength received by a device from a wireless network. The formula to calculate RSSI is: RSSI = (Transmitted Signal Strength - Received Signal Strength) / Distance Between Transmitter and Receiver

• Round Trip Time (RTT):

  • RTT is the measure of the time it takes for a packet of data to travel from one point to another and back. The formula to calculate RTT is: RTT = 2 x (Distance Between Two Points / Speed of Light)