Reference Architectures

Reference Architectures

General Resources

• AWS Reference Architectures
  • https://aws.amazon.com/architecture/reference-architecture-diagrams
• Azure Architectures
  • https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/architecture/browse/
• GCP Cloud Architecture Center
  • https://cloud.google.com/architecture
• Red Hat Portfolio Architecture Center
  • https://www.redhat.com/architect/portfolio/

Network

Azure

• Traditional Azure networking topology
  • https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/cloud-adoption-framework/ready/azure-best-practices/traditional-azure-networking-topology
• Hub-spoke network topology in Azure
  • https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/architecture/reference-architectures/hybrid-networking/hub-spoke?tabs=cli
• Network-hardened web application with private connectivity to PaaS datastores
  • https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/architecture/example-scenario/security/hardened-web-app
• Multi-region load balancing with Traffic Manager and Application Gateway
  • https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/architecture/high-availability/reference-architecture-traffic-manager-application-gateway
• Multi-region N-tier application
  • https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/architecture/reference-architectures/n-tier/multi-region-sql-server
• Multi-tier web application built for HA/DR
  • https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/architecture/example-scenario/infrastructure/multi-tier-app-disaster-recovery
• Implement a secure hybrid network
  • https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/architecture/reference-architectures/dmz/secure-vnet-dmz?tabs=portal

API

AWS API Gateway (REST)

• Building an event-driven REST BFF using API Gateway
  • https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/mobile/backends-for-frontends-pattern/
• Streaming Data Solution for Amazon Kinesis
  • https://aws.amazon.com/solutions/implementations/streaming-data-solution-for-amazon-kinesis/?did=sl_card&trk=sl_card

AWS AppSync (GraphQL)

• Building an event-driven GraphQL BFF using AppSync
  • https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/mobile/backends-for-frontends-pattern/
• Synchronous Data Mesh for GraphQL queries
  • https://d1.awsstatic.com/architecture-diagrams/ArchitectureDiagrams/synchronous-data-mesh-for-graphql-queries-ra.pdf

Storage

AWS Storage

• Transportation and Logistics Data Lake
  • https://d1.awsstatic.com/architecture-diagrams/ArchitectureDiagrams/transportation-and-logistics-data-lake-ra.pdf?did=wp_card&trk=wp_card

Events

• Event-Driven Architecture: Request/Reply Pattern (Video)
  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3bxAm3XIFmk&ab_channel=MarkRichards
• Building an event-driven REST BFF using API Gateway
  • https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/mobile/backends-for-frontends-pattern/
• Building event-driven (Micro)Services with Apache Kafka by Guido Schmutz (Video)
  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IR1NLfaq7PU&ab_channel=Devoxx
• Creating event-driven microservices: the why, how and what by Andrew Schofield
  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ksRCq0BJef8&ab_channel=Devoxx

Messaging

• What is a Message Queue and Where is it used?
  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oUJbuFMyBDk&ab_channel=GauravSen
• Massive Scale Real-Time Messaging for Multiplayer Games
  • https://d1.awsstatic.com/architecture-diagrams/ArchitectureDiagrams/large-scale-messaging-for-multiplayer-games-ra.pdf
• Queue Messaging Patterns (Azure, video)
  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KK7c_gH2sPA&ab_channel=KasamShaikh
• Priority Queue (Azure, video)
  • https://youtu.be/KK7c_gH2sPA?t=52
• Pub-Sub (Azure, video)
  • https://youtu.be/KK7c_gH2sPA?t=592
• Queue-based Load Leveling (Azure, video)
  • https://youtu.be/KK7c_gH2sPA?t=1022
• Throttling (Azure, video)
  • https://youtu.be/KK7c_gH2sPA?t=1601

Databases

• VPC for use with a DB instance
  • https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/CHAP_Tutorials.WebServerDB.CreateVPC.html
• Create a VPC for use with a DB instance (dual-stack mode)
  • https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/CHAP_Tutorials.CreateVPCDualStack.html
• A DB instance in a VPC accessed by an EC2 instance in a different VPC (peering)
  • https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/USER_VPC.Scenarios.html#USER_VPC.Scenario3
• A DB instance in a VPC accessed by a client application through the internet
  • https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/USER_VPC.Scenarios.html#USER_VPC.Scenario4
• A DB instance in a VPC accessed by a private network
  • https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/USER_VPC.Scenarios.html#USER_VPC.NotPublic
• Amazon RDS on AWS Outposts
  • https://d1.awsstatic.com/architecture-diagrams/ArchitectureDiagrams/amazon-rds-on-aws-outposts-ra.pdf
• PostgreSQL on AWS RDS
  • https://aws.amazon.com/solutions/implementations/amazon-rds-postgresql/
• Paginated Search with Purpose Built Databases
  • https://d1.awsstatic.com/architecture-diagrams/ArchitectureDiagrams/paginated-search-with-purpose-built-databases-ra.pdf
• Couchbase on AWS Local Zones for Low Latency Edge Use Case
  • https://d1.awsstatic.com/architecture-diagrams/ArchitectureDiagrams/couchbase-on-AWS-local-zones-ra.pdf
• Writing results from an Athena query to Amazon DynamoDB
  • https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/database/writing-results-from-an-athena-query-to-amazon-dynamodb/
• Automated Archival for Amazon Redshift
  • https://d1.awsstatic.com/architecture-diagrams/ArchitectureDiagrams/automated-archival-for-amazon-redshift-ra.pdf

Monitoring, Logging

• CloudFront Real-time Monitoring Architecture
  • https://d1.awsstatic.com/architecture-diagrams/ArchitectureDiagrams/cloudfront-real-time-monitoring-ra.pdf

Security

• AWS Security Reference Architecture (AWS SRA)
  • Portal:
    • https://docs.aws.amazon.com/prescriptive-guidance/latest/security-reference-architecture/welcome.html
  • Example:
    • https://docs.aws.amazon.com/prescriptive-guidance/latest/security-reference-architecture/architecture.html

Web-Scale Site Architecture research

Airbnb

• Evolving Airbnb’s Architecture (company dev)
  • https://www.infoq.com/presentations/airbnb-api-architecture/
• Building Services at Airbnb, Part 1 (company dev)
  • https://medium.com/airbnb-engineering/building-services-at-airbnb-part-1-c4c1d8fa811b
• Building Services at Airbnb, Part 2 (company dev)
  • https://medium.com/airbnb-engineering/building-services-at-airbnb-part-2-142be1c5d506
• Building Services at Airbnb, Part 3 (company dev)
  • https://medium.com/airbnb-engineering/building-services-at-airbnb-part-3-ac6d4972fc2d
• Airbnb Architecture
  • https://enqueuezero.com/airbnb-architecture.html
• Unlocking Horizontal Scalability in Our Web Serving Tier (company dev)
  • https://medium.com/airbnb-engineering/unlocking-horizontal-scalability-in-our-web-serving-tier-d907449cdbcf
• Scaling Airbnb’s Payment Platform (company dev)
  • https://medium.com/airbnb-engineering/scaling-airbnbs-payment-platform-43ebfc99b324
• Mussel — Airbnb’s Key-Value Store for Derived Data (company dev)
  • https://medium.com/airbnb-engineering/mussel-airbnbs-key-value-store-for-derived-data-406b9fa1b296
• How Airbnb is Moving 10x Faster at Scale with GraphQL and Apollo (company dev)
  • https://medium.com/airbnb-engineering/how-airbnb-is-moving-10x-faster-at-scale-with-graphql-and-apollo-aa4ec92d69e2

Amazon

• The Distributed Computing Manifesto
  • https://www.allthingsdistributed.com/2022/11/amazon-1998-distributed-computing-manifesto.html